Certificate Authorities
Certificate authorities issue digital certificates that establish trust on the internet, validating domain ownership, organization identity, and individual identity for TLS, code signing, and email encryption. European CAs hold particular relevance under the eIDAS regulation, which establishes a framework for qualified certificates with legal standing across the EU. Differentiators include certificate types offered, validation speed, and ACME protocol support for automation.
🇦🇹
A-Trust
Vienna
€35/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
Austrian eID
Qualified Signatures
Handy-Signatur
🇮🇹
Actalis
Milan
€49/yr
Free
GDPR
eIDAS
Qualified Certificates
S/MIME
🇳🇴
Buypass
Oslo
€0.00/yr
Free
GDPR
Free SSL
Norwegian CA
🇪🇸
Camerfirma
Madrid
€60/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
Qualified Certificates
Spanish Chambers
🇵🇱
Certum
Szczecin
See website
GDPR
eIDAS
Qualified Certificates
🇩🇪
D-Trust
Berlin
€79/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
Qualified Certificates
Bundesdruckerei
BSI
🇪🇸
FNMT
Madrid
Free (Spanish citizens)
Free
GDPR
eIDAS
Government CA
Spanish DNIe
Free Certificates
🇬🇷
HARICA
Athens
€20/yr
Free
GDPR
eIDAS
Academic
TLS
S/MIME
🇮🇹
InfoCert
Rome
€25/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
SPID
Qualified Certificates
Digital Signatures
🇱🇺
LuxTrust
Luxembourg City
€50/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
Qualified Certificates
Luxembourg
Digital Signatures
🇭🇺
Microsec
Budapest
€49/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
e-Szignó
Qualified Certificates
PKI
🇭🇺
NetLock
Budapest
€39/yr
GDPR
eIDAS
Qualified Certificates
Hungarian CA
🇨🇭
SwissSign
Glattbrugg
See website
GDPR
Swiss CA
eIDAS Qualified
🇩🇪
T-Systems
Frankfurt
On request
GDPR
eIDAS
ISO 27001
Managed PKI
Enterprise